CPA Approach

In my lessons, I use the CPA approach—Concrete, Pictorial, and Abstract—to help pupils develop a deep and lasting understanding of maths.

This method breaks learning down into three clear stages, allowing pupils to build confidence step by step rather than jumping straight into numbers and symbols.

**Concrete**

This is where learning begins. Pupils use physical objects, known as manipulatives, to explore mathematical ideas in a hands-on way. This could be anything from counters and cubes to everyday items like sweets, buttons, or coins. By physically moving and grouping objects, pupils can *see* how maths works, making it much more meaningful and easier to grasp.

My lessons place a strong focus on this stage, helping pupils truly understand what’s happening before moving on. You can use items you already have at home, or you can order one of my manipulatives boxes designed to match the lessons and support your child every step of the way.

**Pictorial**

Once pupils are confident using real objects, they move on to drawing and visual representations. This might include diagrams, bar models, or simple sketches that represent the concrete resources they’ve been using. These visuals act as a bridge between hands-on learning and more formal maths.

**Abstract**

Finally, pupils move on to numbers, symbols, and written methods. Because they’ve already built a strong understanding through concrete and pictorial stages, they are far more confident working with calculations, equations, and problem-solving.

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### Why CPA Works

The CPA approach helps pupils:

* Build strong foundations in maths

* Develop real understanding, not just memorisation

* Gain confidence in tackling new concepts

* Learn at a pace that suits them

By starting with what they can see and touch, pupils are better prepared to succeed when maths becomes more abstract.

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### Supporting Learning at Home

My video lessons guide pupils through each stage of CPA, ensuring they don’t skip the important building blocks of understanding.

You don’t need expensive equipment to get started—simple household items work brilliantly. However, if you’d like a ready-made option, my manipulatives boxes are carefully put together to match the lessons and provide everything needed for a smooth learning experience.

With the right support and approach, maths can make sense and pupils can become successful learners.

Each lesson follows a simple, structured format designed to build confidence, support understanding, and keep learning engaging from start to finish.

**Retrieval Practice**

We begin by revisiting key ideas from previous lessons. This helps pupils refresh their memory and prepares them for the new learning ahead.

**Key Vocabulary**

Next, we introduce important mathematical words and language. Understanding and using the correct vocabulary helps pupils talk about their learning with confidence and clarity.

**Teaching (I do, We do, You do)**

The main teaching follows a clear and supportive structure:

* *I do* – I model the concept step by step

* *We do* – we work through examples together

* *You do* – pupils have a go themselves with guidance

This approach ensures pupils feel supported as they move towards independence.

**Independent Practice**

Pupils then pause the video to complete their own work. This gives them the opportunity to apply what they’ve learned and build confidence in their skills.

**Self-Marking and Feedback**

After completing their work, pupils return to the video to check their answers. This immediate feedback helps them spot mistakes, address misconceptions, and deepen their understanding.

**Fun Activity**

Each lesson finishes with a fun activity, such as a game or puzzle, to reinforce learning in an enjoyable way and leave pupils feeling positive about maths.

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This consistent lesson structure helps pupils know what to expect, reduces anxiety, and supports steady progress over time.